Assignment 3 Management Accounting Case West Island...

Running Head: FINANCAL MANAGEMENT Financial Management Answer No. 2 First advantage of outsourcing is that the organization is in the position to ensure that it is able to complete its activities in a swift and expert manner. Second advantage of outsourcing is that it helps organization to concentrate on core process instead of supporting processes carried out by it. Third advantage of outsourcing is that the organization will be in the position to ensure that it is engaged in activities of risk sharing over a period of time (Carroll, 2007). First disadvantage of outsourcing is that the organization will have risk of exposing confidential data. Second disadvantage of outsourcing is that it can cause some problem to†¦show more content†¦The Corporate Controller is likely to make recommendation to move forward with transferring goods between divisions and reducing the burden of work to be carried out by the organization. Answer No. 3 For handling transfer disputes in future, first thing to be carried out by the organization is that it should keep its transfer policy clear over a period of time. In case of this transfer policy, organization will be in the position to ensure that each and every division has knowledge of the activities to be carried out by it over a period of time. The organization has to follow a financial policy for setting up transfer pricing range. The transfer pricing range should be set up in such a situation that the organization is not in the position to incur any kind of loss at a point of time in the future. First point for setting up transfer pricing range is the point of benefit for both the division. Here, the organization transferring products should ensure that it does follow the law regarding not selling produce below standard rates in the market (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2007). Transfer price must be set at a rate than it is not resulting in higher expenditure for the organiz ation over a period of time. For transfer pricing, it is an advantage as this method helps organization to work at a lower cost. References Brigham, E. Ehrhardt, M. (2007). Financial Management: Theory Practice. (12th ed.). CengageShow MoreRelatedFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 PagesEighth Edition Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts Thomas P. Edmonds University of Alabama–Birmingham Frances M. McNair Mississippi State University Philip R. Olds Virginia Commonwealth University Edward E. Milam Mississippi State University (Contributing Author) FUNDAMENTAL FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. 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Operating Profit Margin 4.1.3. Profit Ratio 4.1.4. Return on Equity (ROE) Ratio 4.1.5. Return on Assets (ROA) Ratio 4.2. Liquidity Ratio 4. 2. 1. Current Ratio 4.2.2. Acid-Test Ratio Read MoreAnalysis of Financial Position of Smrt and Sbs Transit, Singapore7870 Words   |  32 PagesTable of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. About the Company 2.1 Key People 2.2 Milestones 2.3 Business Structure 3. Company Analysis of SMRT Corporation Ltd. 4. Company Financial and Data Analysis 4.1. Profitability ratio 4.1.1 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) 4.1.2. Operating Profit Margin 4.1.3. Profit Ratio 4.1.4. Return on Equity (ROE) Ratio 4.1.5. Return on Assets (ROA) Ratio 4.2. Liquidity Ratio 4. 2. 1. Current Ratio 4.2.2. Acid-Test Ratio 4.3. 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Report improvements: In order to showcase our social responsibility performance in an objective, comprehensive and prioritized manner, the 2012 report added some contents like â€Å"Water Resources Management† and â€Å"Staff Communication. While compiling this report, we carried out on-site investigations on the CSR performance of our affiliated companies, verified the authenticity of case studies, extensively solicited opinionsRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers orRead MoreMalaysia Airlines-Strategic Management14526 Words   |  59 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION Malaysia Airlines In Malaysia, there are actually 3 different Malaysia airlines companies which are providing airline services to its customers. These 3 airline companies are Malaysia Airline, Air-Asia and Berjaya-Air. In reality, these 3 different airline companies provide different kind of services for their customers with different needs. For now, lets take a closer look at these 3 companies individually. First of all, Malaysia Airline System or better known as MAS, is Malaysias

The Pardoner Of Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales - 1129 Words

Hypocrisy is a common attribute attributed to many of Chaucer’s religious characters in The Canterbury Tales. They are greedy, drunks, and people without a moral code. In The Pardoner’s Tale this theme is exemplified. The Pardoner is greedy and drunk. Matthew 19:24 (ESV) says, â€Å"Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.† Despite this, the Pardoner’s only goal is to scam as many people as he can with his â€Å"pardoning† of sins. The Pardoner would pretend to have objects blessed by the Vatican and sell them to people as an indulgence for future sins. It is doubtful that any of his objects had even been to Rome. Therefore, when the Pardoner starts his tale, it is one full of hypocrisy and deceit. Arguably, Chaucer’s grievance was not specific to the Pardoner. Rather, Chaucer used this character to make a wider point about the corruption of religion durin g the fourteenth century. During Chaucer’s life, the fourteenth century, it was a common belief that outward physical attribute represents the personal attributes such as one’s moral code and vices. Chaucer’s first description of the Pardoner’s appearance says, â€Å"This pardoner hadde heer as yelow as wex. / But smothe it heeng as dooth a strike of flex; / By ounces henge his lokkes that he hadde[.]† The Pardoner had thin, stringy yellow hair. It was limp on his head and most likely hadn’t been washed in days. The picture painted does not seemShow MoreRelatedChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collection of short stories within a frame story, making for an interesting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrimsRead MoreInsight Into Human Behavior And The Canterbury Tales1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer is known for being one of the greatest English poets of his time (Malvern). During Chaucer’s life, he went through many hardships. Some of the hardship Chaucer endured was being kidnapped by French enemies, dealing with the death of his wife, and surviving the Black Death (â€Å"Chaucer†). Chaucer hardship helped him become the author that he was (Malvern). â€Å"The Canterbury Tales is a group of legends narrated by fictional pilgrims on a pilgrimage† (â€Å"Chaucer†). Chaucer’sRead MoreHypocrisy Revealed in Canterbury Tales891 Words   |  4 PagesChaucers The Canterbury Tales he reveals an underlying flaw in society. Chaucer portrays the Pardoner as hypocritical in order to get his message across to readers. The Pardoner is shown to be the exact definition of a hypocrite by preaching to others to lead a spiritual life, while not living by those preachings himself. In Canterbury Tales, Chaucer reveals hypocritical qualities in t he Pardoner through vivid characterization, tone, and morality. In the Pardoners prologue, Chaucer describes whatRead MoreEssay on Chaucers: The Pardoners Corruption Tale866 Words   |  4 Pagesfourteenth century by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales bursts its way into the literary world, and quickly made its mark as one of the early English masterpieces. Its poetic verses often disguised the disdain that Chaucer possessed for the hypocritical behaviors that were (and in many ways still are) present with the religious leaders. Throughout this lyrical writing, Chaucer tackles the opulent monk, the corrupt friar, and the flirtatious nun. However, the Pardoner is one of Geoffrey ChaucersRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales906 Words   |  4 PagesIn the general prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer reveals his dissatisfaction of the distribution of power and how that power was maintained in the Medieval England estate system, through the use of his physical description of each of the pilgrims and by the pers onality of specific members of each caste. To portray these characters and the flaws that they represent in actual medieval society, Chaucer heavily relies on the use of irony to describe many of the travelers inRead MoreChaucer s Candide And Shakespeare s Macbeth1317 Words   |  6 Pagessociety in which the author lived such as Voltaire’s’ Candide and Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Geoffrey Chaucer, famous for his The Canterbury Tales, and considered instrumental in the creation of English literature, is not as well known for social commentary in his writing. However, The Canterbury Tales do indeed possess insight and analysis of society, namely the role of the authority figures in the Church. Chaucer was critical of the abuses and misuses he saw in the authority within the Church. He demonstratedRead MoreMoral In The Canterbury Tales1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales have an ultimate lesson at the end, just as every other literary work does. In some of them, he simply states what it is, or some may have to be inferred. During the time, many social and historical events were taking place, and in some instances, Chaucer chose to base the moral around it. While reading The Canterbury Tales, the audience gets entertainment and a basic knowledge of what life what like through the lessons he presents. All of the tales moralsRead MoreThe Pardoners Tale Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pardoner#8217;s Greed The pardoner, in Geoffrey Chaucer#8217;s #8220;The Pardoner#8217;s Tale,#8221; is a devious character. He is a man with a great knowledge of the Catholic Church and a great love of God. However, despite the fact that he is someone whom is looked at with respect at the time, the pardoner is nothing more than an imposter who makes his living by fooling people into thinking he forgives their sins, and in exchange for pardons, he takes their money. His sermon-likeRead MoreThe Pardoners Prologue And Tale By Chaucer Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale† is important because it demonstrates how someone with power can influence less intelligent and poor people for financial gain, which was relevant in society during the Middle Ages. In Chaucer’s story, the Pardoner uses his influence and tells a tale of three men to convince the people to pay for him to pardon their sins. Chaucer’s tale and story is often used to emphasize the moral values in our society. There are many points in the tale that are based on the themeRead More Canterbury Tales Essay646 Words   |  3 Pages Corruption in the Church nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Chaucer lived in a time dictated by religion and religious ideas in which he uses The Canterbury Tales to show some of his views. Religion played a significant role in fourteenth-century England and also in Chauceramp;#8217;s writing. His ideas of the Church are first seen in amp;#8220;The Prologue,; and he uses seven religious persons to show the influence of the religion in his writing. Although many of his characters appear to portray

The Accounting Policies Of The Companies - 1189 Words

The purpose of this project is to analyses the accounting policies of the following three industries (manufacturing, retail and service), based on their 2015 annual 10-K Consolidated Balance Sheet, and Consolidated Income Statement, GAAP, FASB and SEC. There were a few accounting polies that will be discussed that are outdated and should probably not be used, due to the inaccurate of the fair or market value, and the industries should find an alternative accounting policy to use. All of the six industries reviewed do use some different accounting policies, but for the most part companies with in the same industry are using the same accounting policies. Overview The manufacturing industries that will analyzed are PepsiCo, Inc., and Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., both popular beverage companies, which form part of a large worldwide manufacturing sector. Revenue Recognition PepsiCo. revenue recognition is based on the customer’s written sales agreement with a right of no returns allowed, upon shipment or delivery. Dr. Pepper is once the product has been delivered, there is an agreement on a fixed price or when the price has been determined, evidence that an agreement does exist, and â€Å"reasonable assurance of collectability†. Both companies do follow GAAP guideline, on when revenue should be recognized, which is when the company has actually met their part of the term agreement, which is after the product has been shipped or delivered. Property, Plant and EquipmentShow MoreRelatedSummary of Research for Accounting Changes and Error Analysis1143 Words   |  5 Pages Summary on Research for Accounting Changes and Error Analysis Companies have always faced issues of how to reflect changes in accounting methods and error corrections in financial statements. A change in accounting principle results when an entity adopts a generally accepted accounting principle different from the one it used previously (Hall 2007). A presumption exists that an accounting principle once adopted shall not be changed in accounting for events and transactions of a similar typeRead MoreAccounting Policies : Majestic Wine Annual Report1619 Words   |  7 PagesAccounting Policies: Majestic Wine Annual Report The purpose of this paper is to deliver a brief overview of accounting policies as they pertain to subsidiaries of Majestic Wine. This topic became of interest as research revealed that it comes up across policies, that various accounting policies must be interrelated in order to account for subsidiaries. This means that from an accounting and auditing standpoint the existence of subsidiaries is an important issue. 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However, today the public and private companies in America use Generally Accepted Accounting Principle in order to prepare their financial statements, but this will be changed due toRead MoreFinancial Reporting Disclosure Of The Australian Corporate Sector1672 Words   |  7 Pagesrequirements according to the respective accounting standard related to disclosures of sources of estimation uncertainty and judgments in applying accounting policies The AASB 108 specifically deals with the disclosure requirements relating to change in accounting policies and estimates and accounting errors. It is the Australian equivalent of IAS 8. It seeks companies to disclose the selection any change that takes place in their accounting policies and accounting estimates and also disclose the correctionRead MoreIssues Regarding Accounting Policy, Disclosure And Draft Of Disclosure Note1425 Words   |  6 PagesDirector Cairns Ltd 455 Smith Street Notsureville NSW 2555 Dear James, Issues regarding change in accounting policy, disclosure and draft of disclosure note Thank you for giving me the opportunity to write to you with advice regarding accounting policy changing issues and also disclosure requirement of a company. You have also requested me to write a draft of disclosure note for the change in accounting policy for advertising expenditure according to AASB 108, which I have attached to this letter. In yourRead MoreAustralian Financial Statement1219 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Companies regardless of the operations carried out and its size, record the income and the expenses incurred during the financial year in the accounting statement. Financial statement provides a detailed list of the income earned and expenses made by the company towards the business development. The accounting statements are recorded by the management in strict requirements of the accounting policies and standards. International standards and policies require the managers toRead MoreAccrual Basis Accounting Essay example786 Words   |  4 PagesAccrual Basis Accounting Accrual accounting is a system of accounting that is based on the accrual principal accounting. This principal requires revenue to be recognized and recorded when earned. Expenses are to be recorded when they occur. The accrual basis of accounting is used by most companies. Very small businesses and individuals use cash basis accounting. The major distinction between the accrual and the cash basis of accounting is when revenue and expenses are recognized. When theRead MoreAccounting Analysis : Accounting And Accounting1034 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting Analysis In the accounting analysis part, we will discuss and analyse SUL’s accounting policy by identifying its key accounting policies, assessing the accounting flexibility, evaluating the accounting strategy, evaluating the quality of disclosure, identifying red flags and undoing accounting distortions to evaluate that if SUL’s financial statement is transparent and not misleading. Also, we will compare these elements to its competitors in order to give investors a clearer vision ofRead MoreInadequacies of Accounting Ratios as Tools of Financial Analysis.1481 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss the inadequacies of accounting ratios as tools of financial analysis. ACCOUNTING POLICIES. It is difficult to use ratios to compare companies, because they very often follow different accounting policies. For example, one company may value stock under the LIFO principle, another may follow the FIFO principle. Similarly, one company may depreciate assets under the straight line method, while its competitors may be using reducing balance method. Also, one company may value their assets usingRead MoreGaap Ifrs And Ifrs For Extractive Activities1022 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowed by the treatment required under IFRS. After that I will talk about how the company can convert its current statement from GAAP to IFRS. Thereafter I will provide an example for GAAP, which will be followed by an example of the conversion to GAAP to IFRS. Concluding with to make a recommendation for the appropriate treatment to convert them from GAAP to IFRS. Current treatment under GAAP Under US GAAP, companies follow either the successful efforts method or the full cost method to account

The Need For Extreme Criminal Justice Reform In...

THE NEED FOR EXTREME CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM IN CALIFORNIA ORIENTATION FACTORS: I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Basic Introduction and description - Introduce basic sides of Criminal Law and Elaborate II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;General History and Development nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- Discuss the history and modifications of Reform Laws in California III.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Main Problems and Concern Stimulants nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- Point out real life statistics and point out incidents IV.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Conclusion nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- Point out the need for an extreme reform and what can be done SENTENCE OUTLINE I. An analysis of Department of Corrections data by the Center†¦show more content†¦C. A progress report on an actof this kind would be made by the California Board of Corrections on January 1, 1997 and annually thereafter to selected legislative committees. III.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Informatives A. quot;It seems clear that the California Legislature has determined that incarceration is not appropriate for many criminal offenses and that alternative sanctions are preferable for non-violent offenders. quot; (Randy Meyer, Political Official) B. But while this approach is to be applauded, its spreading prevents the fulfillment of its true potential. C. quot;By retaining those non-violent offenders that are currently in state prison and continuing to pursue defensive punishment at the local level in the form of short term quot;shock incarcerationquot; and bootcamps, the costly and ineffective methods of criminal behavior correction remain intact.quot; (Charles Calderon-US News) D. By immediately eliminating incarceration for all non-violent offenses and requiring victim compensation and community service, resources can be committed to preventing crime rather than to the feeding and housing of offenders. E. This is consistent with the findings of the legislature and is cost efficient, requires minimal systemic change, and increases public safety and security.Show MoreRelatedCriminal Justice Reform / Speech Paper with Outline and all Supplements. The need for extreme criminal justice reform in California2696 Words   |  11 Pagesdescription - Introduce basic sides of Criminal Law and Elaborate II. General History and Development - Discuss the history and modifications of Reform Laws in California III. Main Problems and Concern Stimulants - Point out real life statistics and point out incidents IV. Conclusion - Point out the need for an extreme reform and what can be done SENTENCE OUTLINE I. An analysis of Department of Corrections data by the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice in San Francisco, CA, in Nov, 1995Read More Liberals LOVE Gun Control Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagescasually connected. Therefore the apparently desperate need to do something about the vast quantity of firearms and firearms abuse is obvious.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guns are employed in an enormous number of crimes in this country. In other countries with stricter gun laws, gun crimes are rare. Many of the firearms involved in crime are cheap handguns, so-called Saturday Night Specials for which there is no legitimate use or need.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The public is polarized on theRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Lacks The Necessary Fiscal986 Words   |  4 PagesThe criminal justice system lacks the necessary fiscal resources to manage the needs of mentally ill offenders. Mentally ill offenders have limited access to mental health professionals, medical staff, and criminal justice professionals who can accurately assess, evaluate, diagnose and treat their mental health issues. â€Å"Prisons and jails have a legal obligation to provide health and mental health care for inmates† (Ford et al. (2007), yet mentally ill offenders are not receiving services they needRead MoreThe Penal and Judiciary System: The High Cost of Incarceration1845 Words   |  8 Pageschildren of inmates, costing 47,102 dollars a year in California alone (California Judicial website), and causing many problems for the inmates in the long run. Fundamentally the use of incarceration is inte nded to reform and rehabilitate offenders of society’s laws; however, America’s prison system usually makes matters much worse for the offender, his or her family, and society as a whole. The illustrations below show that there is a severe need for reform in the penal system. There are several fundamentalRead MoreThe Problem Of The War On Drugs1638 Words   |  7 Pagesmovements. Crack and heroin were the most popular drugs smuggled into these communities due to their highly addictive and immobilizing nature. Their end goal was to have the African-American community self-destruct due to black on black crime and extreme cases of drug abuse and overdose. It is a tireless and endless battle to deconstruct the ideals of race in America and it seems as if every time advancements are made, something new is dropped into the communities to help reboot the vicious cycleRead MoreThe Science of Criminology: Understanding the Mind of a Killer1108 Words   |  5 Pagesattempt to understand crime and previous patterns. Criminology is also describe as an interdisciplinary profession built around the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior that includes its forms, causes, legal aspects and control. The Criminology is regarded more as a behavioral or social sci ence that studies the causes of criminal behavior and the social response to crime. Criminology has many areas of research that includes for example the incidence, forms, causes and consequences of crimeRead MoreViolence in Prisons2027 Words   |  9 Pages Violence can be attributed to rape, overcrowding, gangs and to the particular justice systems. These justice systems include such countries as Brazil where violent episodes that include beheadings have occurred. Much of the prison crisis has been blamed on delays in the country’s legal system. This is because of how inmates receive extended sentences and poor prison management. (Romero, 2014) Thailand has extreme violence in their prisons especially Bang Kwang prison. Due to much of the rulesRead MoreThe Punishment Of The Death Penalty Essay3196 Words   |  13 Pagesbargains it is clear that the studies on this debate should be more diverse. 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In the solitary confinement, prisoners are being abusedRead MoreEssay on U.S. Criminal Justice System1850 Words   |  8 PagesBefore proposing a reform to the American criminal justice system, we must first examine the problems that plague the process of justice on all levels. American society plays an important role in shaping the criminal justice system. Their beliefs and values determine the type of deviants and the consequences of the crimes. Often their beliefs contradict each other. Americans believe that the more serious a crime is, the longer a person should spend in a prison. In reality it means that a law

Internship Report on Citi Bank - 11361 Words

INTERNSHIP REPORT CITI BANK LIMITED [pic] SUBMITTED TO: Head of internship committee. Department Of Business Administration Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Sub Campus Sahiwal SUBMITTED BY: Muhammad Umair Waqas BBA(Hons.) 6th semester Roll no: BBS-06 Department Of Business Administration Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Sub Campus Sahiwal PREFACE Banking sector owes a pivotal importance in the economy of any country through its vibrant functions. That is why being a banking and finance student it was necessary†¦show more content†¦And in order to fulfill our global corporate responsibilities, we are committed to providing programs and solutions that meet the needs of communities across Pakistan. We take our responsibility towards our community very seriously. Therefore, we remain committed to fulfilling our corporate responsibilities through initiating programs that meet the needs of communities across the country. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to city bank Early history Citi bank Pakistan Citi bank’s world Global consumer bank Global corporate and investment bank Milestones Commercial banking Corporate banking Work done by me Financial analysis Latest news about Citi bank Bibliography INTRODUCTION TO CITI BANK Citibank is a major international bank, founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, later First National City Bank of New York. Citibank is now the consumer and corporate banking arm of financial services giant Citigroup, one of the largest companies in the world. As of March 2007, it is the largest bank in the United States by holdings. Citibank has operations in more than 100 countries and territories around the world. More than half of its 1,400 offices are in the United States, mostly in the New York City, Chicago, Miami, and Washington DC metropolitan areas, as well as in California. 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Lock harts Lament Paper Essay Example For Students

Lock harts Lament Paper Essay People enjoy fantasy, and that is just What mathematics can provide? a relief from daily life, an anodyne to the practical workaday world. A similar problem occurs when teach 80th statements math is irrelevant and math is important have to do specifically with math. Although if put in different scenarios have different meanings. For instance one can say math is irrelevant in everyday life, instead it is an art and it be completely plausible, but math is irrelevant altogether is a totally different ball game. Another example is when someone says math is important, again this depends on the context, Is math important when its taught wrong No and according to Lockhart schools definitely arena teaching math correctly. Although altogether math is important. Both statements can be true depending on the angle at which you look at them. 8)Lockhart describes the difference between an exercise and a problem as this. An exercise is a chance to apply, critique, and build on what youve learned in order to prepare yourself for a problem. Tallest thats how translated his description of it to mean. A problem on the other hand is a totally different monster. A problem requires you to use the skills you learned in exercises and ever »OHare else to solve_ There are typically multiple ways to solve a problem and allows room for flexibility. Problems and exercises are required if trying to learn mathematics. A good problem is something you dont know how to solve. 9)Farms: Grocery stores ///Car manufacturers: Race car drivers 10)We learn things because they interest us not because they may be useful later. This is true, you can memorize useful information all you life, but do you really learn Do you take the time to study and imagine about it? No, only things that interest you as a person you truly learn, and truly understand. The human brain is selective, you retain the interesting things for life and set aside useful information. 1 mound directions for sprouts on inscrutable. Com Rock-paper-scissors to see who goes first. That person then draws a line between two of the circles, in any direction or orientation, as long as it doesnt go through a circle (this is called sprouting). The player then draws another circle on that line (see picture l), Players take turns drawing lines, @ A circle cannot have more than three lines attached to it (if the circle in question is on a line, it is considered to have two lines). @ lines cannot cross (fun optional rule: if either player accidentally crosses a line, they automatically lose). A circle can also be connected to itself, This continues until one player is unable to make a move (this is easier explained in the play by play on the next step), and the last move-maker is the winner. 2) I found I learned better even the product came out of the process on number 7. 7 was stuck and Mrs.. Wilson helped me finally understand how to work through the steps and further opened me up to ideas by which I can solve the problem on my own. This has helped my henceforth! 13)The square Of the sum of two numbers is equal to the sum of their squares increased by twice their product AY+ex.-H/AYAY*exactly proof 14)The beautiful bird is c ruelly tortured in geometry. The beautiful bird Represents a creative rational argument. Lockhart says this to support his argument, Posing as the arena in which students will finally get to engage in true mathematical reasoning, this virus attacks mathematics at its heart, destroying the very essence of creative rational argument, poisoning the students enjoyment of this fascinating and beautiful subject, and permanently disabling them from thinking about math in a natural and intuitive way. 5)You did a good job of exploring our creativity in mathematics especially in the chi. 8 worksheet. You split the class into two sections, both sections had a picture of a square and had this question to solve. In a square EAI. Corner is connected to the midpoint of one of the opposite sides. A new, smaller square is formed in the center of the original square What is the ratio of the area of the smaller square to the area Of the original square. Half the classes worksheets had set list to follow, although the other half had nothing. I believe this was used as a test to try to rin g out the mathematical creativity inside us Which was welcoming us to the idea of mathematics as an art! 16) My Thoughts: I believe that Lockhart has many great ideas backed by passion and ambition. .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 , .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .postImageUrl , .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 , .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896:hover , .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896:visited , .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896:active { border:0!important; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896:active , .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896 .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4175b71f4c6e34aee2357d4e8091896:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Character EssayMr.. Lockhart explains that math in the world is being completely misrepresented in school and in everyday culture, The angle math is being looked at is not adequate to Lockhart standards. Lockhart believes math to be an art instead to a duty. It is a mixture of accumulative thinking and idealistic wonder! Although, after reading his article realize why it could be counted as extra credit, specially after not doing a single math exercise, Lockhart explains in great detail what schools are doing. Giving multiple exercise and never any real problems. An exercise is a chance to apply, critique, and build on what youve learned in order to prepare yourself for a problem. Tallest thats how i translated his description of it to mean. A problem on the other hand is a totally different monster. A problem requires you to use the skills you learned in exercises and everywhere else to solve, There are typically multiple ways to solve a problem and allows room for flexibility. A good problem is something you dont know how to solve So wouldnt have been right to have read this article and yet continued to give your students mind numbing exercises over the spring break? No, instead you chose to broaden our thinking by giving us this article to read. An article written by a true mathematician, one that sees math as art. So Why could this article be considered extra credit? Think this article was far better than any exercise that you could have thrown at us. This article showed us What math really is and how we should approach each problem. Also, it gave us a choice. A choice whether to accept or neglect math as an art, which is far better than any exercise you could have given us. For example if you had given us say 30 exercises what would we have learned? Honestly, we probably would have taken the worksheet home, looked at it and forgot about it 10 minutes later, or even worse completely hated it and not even attempted any of the exercises. Mr.. Lockhart article was the perfect way to open us up to what math really is and give us an opportunity for much needed extra credit points. Sometimes wish i understood math at this degree, but I can honestly say I dont, dont have he artistic touch like gifted mathematicians such as Lockhart do. Although, after reading this definitely have much more appreciation for math as a subject and as an art. For future classes I strongly suggest you offer this form of extra credit for them too, because I fear they too dont really understand what math is. I used to hate math and now that I know what it really is know dont hate it. Although, Ive still discovered that it isnt for me. Thanks for giving our class the opportunity to not be completely demoralized With mindless work over the Winter break!

Hunter Gatherers Agrarian Shift free essay sample

The most important task in human history has been to find a way of extracting from the ecosystems in which people have lived, enough resources for maintaining life †¦ the problem has been to balance their various demands against the ability of the ecosystems to withstand the resulting pressures. [Ponting 1991, p17] The period that has come to be known as the Neolithic Revolution (somewhat erroneously so [see Ponting 1991, p37]) marked the most fundamental shift in human development seen since the first bipedal human-like species walked the earth. During this time and the brief era [see Ponting 1991, p18] that has followed it to the present, humans have made a multiplicity of social, cultural and technological advancements (inclusive of the political and religious realms), all of which began with an agrarian shift by an array of hunter-gatherer societies – a shift that marked the transition from ‘savage’ Palaeolithic man to ‘economic man’. It is a frequently stated detail that the hunter-gatherer way of life was much less energy intensive than its successor and offered a relaxed, care-free lifestyle. Indeed, Marshall Sahlins contends that hunter-gatherer communities were â€Å"the original affluent societies† [Sahlins 1972, p1] who enjoyed a bountiful way of life â€Å"free from market obsessions† [Sahlins 1972, p2]. Why, then after ninety-nine percent of current human history had elapsed, were hunter-gatherers suddenly restricted to a smattering of groups across the globe? This essay will address this question and will then proceed to examine the multitude of effects (cultural, social, political; positive, negative) that this shift of modes of production had on world societies. There exist several theories as to why the Neolithic Revolution took hold of hunter-gatherer societies, the least compelling of which is the extremely base notion that it was simply an inevitable, natural human progression into the agricultural mode of production. This ‘theory’ is tantamount to the following quote by Voltaire: It is demonstrable that things cannot be otherwise than they are; for as all things have been created for some end, they must necessarily be created for the best end. Observe, for instance, the most is formed for spectacles, therefore we wear spectacles. The legs are visibly designed for stockings, accordingly we wear stockings. [Voltaire in Gowdy 1997, p. xxix] This ‘backward chaining’ can be extrapolated to the transition from one mode of production to another: humans fit agriculture better than they did their nomadic ways just as a stocking fits a leg more snugly than a pair of jeans – they both fit, they merely fit in a different manner. Rather than this, let it be suggested that humans’ progression from one mode of production to another is a process of forward chaining (seeing the jeans and stockings as being designed for the leg, and hunter-gatherer societies and agriculture as being designed for humans), of looking at the current system and how humans fit into it and deciding if there is another system that fits the current society in a more precise manner and why that system might be a better option. The shift from nomad to agriculturalist was one that required â€Å"no radically new techniques or development of new relationships between humans, plants and animals† [Ponting 1991, p40] so it stands to reason that there must have been an almost implacable rationale for making the decision to catalyse the transition. It has previously been mentioned that Sahlins cited hunter-gatherers as the â€Å"original affluent society†. Affluence can be roughly defined as the ‘satisfaction of material wants or desires’ and can be attained by â€Å"producing much or desiring little† [Sahlins 1972, p2]. For the greater part of history hunter-gatherers have been considered by some such as Sahlins to be affluent because they possessed few material desires that easily satisfied. As material desires increase over time, as history has shown them to, greater means are required to continue to satisfy these desires. This increasing affluence within a hunter-gatherer framework would prove to become an unsustainable practice – for instance the desire to accumulate food – that would need to be addressed by the transition to a mode of production that could feasibly accommodate the wants of the society. Essentially the shift from the nomadic â€Å"poverty that hunters and gatherers, in theory, live in† [Sahlins 1972, p9] to a relative sedentary plenty would be exhibitive of increasing affluence. The downfall of the hunter-gatherer existence can also be viewed within a social Darwinist context. Factors such as climate change and natural human development have the possibility to affect the perpetuity of a mode of production such as that of the hunter-gatherer. If hunter-gatherer tribes were to be confronted by other advanced modes of production such as agriculture that relied on the procurement of land for an ever-increasing population, and they did not accordingly adjust their own practices, they had the potential to fall by the wayside in favour of this new more sophisticated method. The continuity of hunter-gatherer groups was highly dependent on their capacity for change and adaptation. In 1997, Jared Diamond postulated that: At current rates of change, within the next decade the few remaining bands of hunter-gatherers will abandon their ways and disintegrate, or die out, thereby ending millions of years of commitment to their hunter-gatherer lifestyle [Diamond 1997, p86] In 2008 the existence of hunter-gatherer tribes is still noticeable (consider the Kalahari Bushmen of southern Africa or the Panare of South America). The majority of remaining hunter-gatherer groups have neither disintegrated nor adopted agriculture as their primary mode of production, they have merely adapted to modernity in order to continue surviving as a people in much the same way that those hunter-gatherer tribes that turned to agriculture made the transition in order to continue surviving as an indigenous unit. As stated, there are numerous arguments that attempt to explain the reason for an agrarian shift by hunter gatherers but the most persuasive argument for the implementation of agriculture is one that has elements of the above concepts (which are only partially convincing) but begins with the age-old social predicament of population pressure. Some traditional methods of land use †¦ which have been thought to sustain some sort of environmental equilibrium when population pressures exceed a particular threshold [Goudie 1994] It is estimated that the world population around the time of the Neolithic Revolution was approximately four million, the presumed maximum hunter-gatherer population that could be supported before social and environmental effects became noticeable [Ponting 1991, p42]. Any great increase in this population would begin to result in forced migration to less manageable, less abundant areas in addition to overpopulation in the bountiful regions such as rainforests. According to Ponting, hunter-gatherer societies had, by this stage, reached the ‘point of no alternative’ [Ponting 1991, p42], at which they were compelled to either perish or alter their lifestyle. Still, however, the fundamental question is not completely answered. The environmental factors for the shift have been outlined above but there were other related factors that had an impact on the widespread adoption of agriculture as the dominant mode of production. The most pivotal of these comes back to the initial question of ‘if agriculture is a more energy-intensive, more time-consuming overall and a less secure mode of production than hunting and gathering, why was it considered? The answer lies with one single advantage that stood to be gained from the acceptance of an agrarian shift: although a greater degree of effort is required for agriculture than for hunting and gathering, this extra effort provides more nutrient-rich food from a smaller land area [Ponting 1991, p41] but even with the possibility of large-scale farming in order to increase food production was shunned as there was a â€Å"common tendency of hunter-gatherers to reject farming until it was absolutely thrust upon them† [Zerzan in Gowdy 1997, p273] Somewhat contr adictorily to this, a number of hunter-gatherers were already practising agriculture on a small scale in the form of slash-and-burn agriculture [see Goudie 1994, p48] but this procedure was fundamentally different from sedentary agricultural practices. Slash-and-burn agriculture typically utilised wild varieties of plants and plots were only designed for short term use, to be left to regrow once the tribe moved on to another camp. Most importantly, this technique was not intended to obtain a surplus supply for the tribe, but simply to sustain them for the short term. Sedentary agriculture, conversely, was not a temporary approach to food production; it was primarily implemented as a permanent source of food for hunter-gatherers that had made the transition from their hunting and gathering lifestyle to a settled, agrarian way of life. Sedentary agriculture is best defined as the â€Å"creation of artificial habitats specifically for growing and tending plants† [Ponting 1991]. The nature of the areas selected for established agriculture did not lend itself to the growing of a great variety of species of plants. The hunter-gatherer’s environment, besides, consisted principally of 0. 1% edible biomass. By selecting and growing this 0. % within a confined area, a once hunter-gatherer could bring the total amount of edible biomass in a given area up to at least 90% [Diamond 1997, p88], completely removing the need to ever again gather food. Despite the apparent necessity of making the shift towards agriculture, voluntary development of th is practice is only seen in a limited number of areas such as China and southwest Asia (now known as the Middle East). This earlier shift was most likely dictated by the availability of cultivatable crops and stock animals as well as the presence of the right climate and environmental factors to allow for the initiation of this practice compounded, of course, by a people’s propensity for domestication of the necessary species. The agrarian lifestyle in these selected areas was slow to arrive at a place where it could be successfully implemented because of the above restraints. However, after its successful implementation, after a period of years the Neolithic Revolution began to extend a much larger sphere of influence which operated in one of two ways: hunter-gatherer societies after coming into contact with sedentary agriculturalists would typically find themselves faced with the option of either adopting the practices of the agriculturalists or of resisting the transition and – inevitably in most cases – falling victim to the expansion of and being replaced by these societies – some people never developed agricultural methods and â€Å"persisted until the modern world finally swept upon them. [Diamond 1997, p103] The agrarian shift that was set in motion approximately ten thousand years ago is the single most â€Å"fundamental alteration in human history† [Ponting 1991, p36] which encouraged the establishment of a larger population but made reversion to hunter-gatherer ways impossible [Ponting 1991, p38]. The only way for these societies was forward and this opened the door upon a variety of consequences for agricultural peoples, both positive and negative. The Neolithic Revolution signalled a change to a society that was based as much on economy as on subsistence and opened up the possibilities for technological and social advances. It was the Neolithic Revolution that made possible towns and cities with all that they yield in cultural and technical exchange and enrichment [Landes 1998, p41] The establishment of the first settled societies was the most radical change of civilisation that had been seen up to that point in history.