Sample Essay on African Americans in History Starting in the United States

Sample Essay on African Americans in History Starting in the United StatesWhen writing a sample essay on African Americans in history starting in the United States, make sure you discuss some of the stories that are associated with them. You need to use your imagination when making a history essay, so do not forget to explore the entire topic. Be sure to include different aspects of their life and highlight the different contributions they have made in this country.When writing a sample essay on African Americans in history starting in the United States, you will need to tell the reader a little bit about the whole group. This means that you have to present a side of history that is never shown. You need to include aspects of their lives that other parts of the country cannot see or talk about.You also need to tell a story that involves several different aspects of their life. Each part of their life is going to be presented in the essay. It is important to tell them how their life i s different from others, or how the environment is different for them. It helps to portray how diverse the whole group was and how their contributions to society will continue to impact many people for many years to come.You need to make sure that the culture of the group is seen in different places in the country. They were a part of several different cultures throughout history. You need to make sure that you discuss each culture and see what it was like. Even if you think that the group is not important anymore, it might be something that will touch a group of people to learn more about the culture that they contributed to.The contributions that the group has made will stay around as long as people are alive and will also help people look back on their lives and see where their contributions really came from. You want the reader to remember these stories and make them part of the history of this country. It is important that the writer does not end up telling a story that will be fading in time.The best way to create a sample essay on African Americans in history starting in the United States is to look at past events. You can look at the major tragedies that have happened throughout history and write about the contributions of the group. You can use a lot of examples from different areas of the country to include some in your essay.In order to make a successful sample essay on African Americans in history starting in the United States, you will need to make sure that you outline each part of the history in an essay. This will give you an outline that you can continue from if needed. This will allow you to expand the article later and add different stories to it.A sample essay on African Americans in history starting in the United States is something that will allow you to make a statement about history. It is important that you include all of the different aspects of their life. Even if it is only a small part of the life, you need to make sure that you te ll as much as possible in order to give people a good idea of what the group was like.

Social problems and solutions American perspective

summary of totalitarian essays

summary of totalitarian essays Totalitarianism is the idea that all motions, buisness, thought, religion, are regulated by the state or the ruling upper hand that controlls the people. It focuses on the older ideas of tyanny, absolutism, and many others things that were seen prior to the breakout of this mindstate in the 20th century. However, in these older systems of absolutism or tyanny people could have their individual thought, as long as it didnt pertain to politics or have the chance of damaging the ruler. In the modern totalitarian system the people are forced to be completely dependant on the rulers and his partys wishes. In previous totalitarian-like forms of government, it was usually a monarch, or ruling family which controlled the people, and to a certain extent. In these more recent totalitarian times theyre ruled by a dictator and his party, which is often the majority of the stronger political figures in the area. Throughout history, government and popular opinion has always ruled over the common people and the standards these people live by. During the middle ages with the Catholic Church, the propaganda and the almost hypnotic brainwashing of the people of Germany under Hitlers rule, Stalins iron fist over a powerless Russian peoples are all examples of the totalitarian place in mind these people or establishments possessed. People are often sheep, but in most cases its the shepards who set the dogs on the ...

Unit #2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unit #2 - Research Paper Example Additionally, the clause influences the development of constitutions and laws for the successive devolved systems and units of government (Halbrook, 1998). Such units should not therefore enact laws that conflict with the federal constitutions. The provision of the clause and its influence in the operation of the judiciary, justifies the decision of the jury in the Bruesewitz v. Wyeth LLC case. The decision by the jurists sought to uphold the dictates of the clause owing to the fact that the clause serves a pivotal role in sustaining the unity of the states. While the parties had fundamental concerns arising from the conflict between them, the provisions of the clause settles the case thereby dispelling the application of the federal laws whenever the two conflict. The unity of the country is vital for the development of the nation. The clause therefore influenced the decision of the jurist in their judgment. The commerce clause provides the congress with the power to regulate commerce among several states, with foreign nations and with the Indian tribes. The contentious clause continues to operate thereby providing the congress with unparalleled power to regulate and determine the operations of international trade in the country. The clause states that the congress takes control of trade among states. This implies that the congress must oversee and sanction any business that exists between states. The law therefore provides the congress with power over the state governments since it must oversee any business existing between states. As the clause states, the government has the right to control specific commercial activities within the states. The interpretation of the constitution and the clause is definite. The government can only control a commercial activity involving two or more states. A commercial undertaking that exists between two or more involves more citizens. State constitutions

Time Orientation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Time Orientation - Essay Example These three orientations, regardless of culture gender or educational background one has, are often experienced by everyone contrary to what is shown in the video where certain cultures are more inclined to a particular orientation. Perhaps there is a truth to that matter though but, the point is, people somehow come to some points in their lives where they experience the three orientations. In this paper, this writer’s personal assessment of his own past, present and future orientations will be discussed in detail along with the benefits and disadvantages of such orientations. When times are tough and there seems to be no hope for the future, I tend to think about the good times in my past. I think about the people who love and care for me and the events that I enjoyed as a younger person. This is perhaps because I feel like it is a way of escape from the difficulties I am going through. After a few moments, I often feel better and encouraged so that I challenge myself to fac e my present circumstances instead of run away from them or feel disappointed about things. This is an advantage one can have from reminiscing about the past. The joys of life experienced in the past become reminders that life is not always bad. Moreover, bad experiences can also serve as inspirations, showing that despite the bad times, one has overcome and is still surviving in the present despite the difficulties. Nevertheless, there are also disadvantages in dwelling in the memories of the past. For instance, in my experience, whenever I am reminded about the people who have hurt me, I feel angry and eventually, I do not feel so good. Hatred and unforgiveness build up in my mind and heart and I tend to waste my time thinking about how I could get even with them. Thinking so much about the present in the meantime also has its advantages and disadvantages. Whenever I observe other people who seem to have nothing to do but enjoy themselves, I get envious and think that I deserve su ch enjoyment as much as they do. Therefore, I seek to be with friends rather than stay at home and study. Watching movies and playing video games make me forget about my problems or any unpleasant situations so that I spend much time in front of the television or computer. These indeed give pleasure but they also are bound to make nothing out of a man because they are not productive. A good future is sacrificed for the little contentment of a man who dwells in the present. Surely, enjoyment is not only wonderful but is also important especially in this fast-paced and busy world because it relieves a person from stressful days. Nevertheless, staying too long in the present can lead to a failure to prepare for future needs. Being future oriented on the contrary can make a person’s life miserable than it ought to be. Personally, when I think about Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, I tend to imagine myself being the next person to discover the next great creation in the world of computers, become famous and wealthy. This often leads me to dream and plan, think about what kind of house I want, imagine myself in the latest car model and give a beautiful woman the best wedding there can ever be. This leads me to demand too much from myself, sometimes forgetting to give myself a little pleasure. I become stingy not only to other people but also to myself whenever I dwell in my future orientation. However, it cannot be denied that this situation is good considering that there are

Journal of Consumer Behavior Essay Example for Free

Journal of Consumer Behavior Essay Consumer complaints and recovery through guaranteeing self-service technology NICHOLA ROBERTSON1*, LISA MCQUILKEN1 and JAY KANDAMPULLY2 1 Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia 2 Ohio State University, 266 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA ABSTRACT Self-service technologies are shaping the future of consumer behaviour, yet consumers often experience service failure in this context. This conceptual paper focuses on self-service technology failure and recovery. A consumer perspective is taken. Recovering from self-service technology failure is fraught with difficulty, mainly because of the absence of service personnel. The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical framework and associated research propositions in respect to the positive role that service guarantees can play in the context of self-service technology failure and recovery. It contributes to the consumer behaviour domain by unifying the theory pertaining to consumer complaint behaviour, service recovery, specifically consumers’ perceptions of justice, and service guarantees, which are set in a distinctive self-service technology context. It is advanced that service guarantees, specifically multiple attribute-specific guarantees, are associated with consumer voice complaints following self-service technology failure, which is contingent on the attribution of blame in the light of consumers’ production role. Service guarantees are argued to be associated with consumers’ perceptions of just recovery in the selfservice technology context when they promise to fix the problem, compensate only when the problem cannot be remedied, offer a choice of compensation that is contingent on failure severity, afford ease of invocation and collection, and provide a personalised response to failures. Previous classifications of SSTs are used to highlight the applicability of guarantees for different types of SSTs. Managerial implications based on the theoretical framework are presented, along with future research directions. Copyright  © 2011 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. INTRODUCTION The growing application of technology in services has  transformed the way that organisations interact with consumers (Liljander et al., 2006). Self-service technologies (SSTs) are technological interfaces that enable consumers to generate benefits for themselves, without the presence of the organisation’s personnel (Meuter et al., 2000). They enable consumers to take an active role in the production of their service experience. As SSTs are a major force shaping consumer behaviour (Beatson et al., 2006), the implications for both consumers and organisations need to be considered. The failure of SSTs is commonplace (Forbes, 2008; Robertson and Shaw, 2009). SST failure, or consumers’ perception that one or more aspects of SST delivery have not met their expectations, is attributed to poor service and failing technology (Meuter et al., 2000). Failures are inevitable with all services, especially SSTs that introduce new types of failures, such as consumer failures (Forbes, 2008; Meuter et al., 2000). However, SST recovery, e.g., fixing the problem and providing compensation, is generally reported to be poor (Forbes, 2008). While consumers demand a superior response to SST failure, complaints are largely ineffectively handled in this context (Collier and Bienstock, 2006). This is despite the fact that SST failure intensifies the need for recovery because consumers are often remote from service personnel (Collier and Bienstock, 2006). SST providers have ignored consumers, denied responsibility for failure, blamed consumers for the problem, *Correspondence to: Nichola Robertson, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia. E-mail: [emailprotected]  and provided a generic complaint response (Forbes, 2008; Holloway and Beatty, 2003). Unsurprisingly, consumers might not bother voicing because they believe that it will be useless (Holloway and Beatty, 2003; Snellman and Vihtkari, 2003). If consumers are dissatisfied with an SST encounter and service recovery is perceived to be inept, they will switch and/or spread negative word of mouth and/or mouse (Collier and Bienstock, 2006 ; Dong et al., 2008; Harris et al., 2006a). In the interpersonal service context, it has been argued, albeit rarely, that service guarantees, or explicit promises made by organisations to deliver a certain level of service to satisfy consumers and to remunerate them if the service fails (Hogreve and Gremler, 2009), are an effective recovery tool (Bjà ¶rlin-Lidà ©n and Skà ¥là ©n,  2003; Kashyap, 2001; McColl et al., 2005). In a recovery encounter, service guarantees have been found to provide benefits, such as reducing consumer dissatisfaction, negative word of mouth, and switching (Wirtz, 1998). We argue that in the context of SST failure, service guarantees could act as a surrogate for service personnel who, in the interpersonal service context, encourage consumer complaints and facilitate recovery. Following our extensive review of service guarantees employed in the SST context, it was revealed that guarantees are uncommon in practice for non-Internet SSTs, such as kiosks and interactive voice response (IVR). However, in the Internet context, they appear to be more widespread. For example, guarantees are often used in the context of online banking, where online security, in particular, is guaranteed. They are also prevalent in the hotel context, typically in the form of online price matching guarantees. Therefore, the ‘real-life’ examples of SST guarantees provided throughout this paper are skewed toward Internet SSTs. However, in  N. Robertson et al. guarantees also have the ability to enhance consumers’ perceptions of fairness following failure. SST guarantees indicate justice in a context that is mostly devoid of interpersonal and other external cues, thereby encouraging consumer voice, facilitating service recovery, and, ultimately, retaining the organ isation’s reputation and its consumers. Our paper contributes to the consumer behaviour domain by adding to the underdeveloped literature on consumer complaints, consumer recovery perceptions, and service guarantees in the SST context, in addition to bringing these independent streams of literature together. As SST recovery in practice is reported to be deficient from the consumer perspective, further exploration of this topic is warranted. The remainder of this paper justifies a conceptual framework that describes how guarantees applied to different types of SSTs can encourage consumers to voice following failure and enable organisations to provide just recovery for consumers. We close with theoretical contributions, managerial implications, and an agenda for  future research. developing our propositions, we apply the SST classification schemes developed by Dabholkar (1994) and Meuter et al. (2000) in respect to technology type, purpose, and location. These schemes will be used to highlight the SST contexts that best fit the application of guarantees, which is beyond Internet SSTs. There are two key types of guarantees commonly offered in interpersonal services, unconditional and attributespecific, that also appear to be relevant in the SST setting. An unconditional guarantee covers the core service offering, and consumers are free to invoke it whenever they are dissatisfied (Wirtz et al., 2000). The attribute-specific guarantee is narrower in breadth, covering either a single or multiple service attributes (Van Looy et al., 2003). It is directed to areas within an organisation where consumers perceive that the guarantee adds value (Hart et al., 1992). The attribute-specific guarantee is the type most common in interpersonal services (Van Looy et al., 2003 ). Our review revealed that this also applies to SSTs. For example, Hertz car rental offers its consumers online check-in for rentals. It guarantees that online check-in enables consumers to pick up a rental vehicle within 10 minutes or less. If it fails to fulfil this specific promise, consumers are credited $50. In another example, match.com, an online dating service, guarantees via its ‘Make Love Happen Guarantee’, that if consumers do not find someone special in six months of using its site, it will provide them with six months free service. In the interpersonal service context, consumers have been found to prefer attribute-specific guarantees when they consider invoking the guarantee, ‘. . . probably for their clarity and manifest nature’ (McDougall et al., 1998: 289). We further argue that in the SST context, generally devoid of service personnel and, therefore, with reduced opportunities for consumer monitoring, the clarity of an attribute-specific guara ntee is less likely to attract consumer abuse (McCollough and Gremler, 2004). Therefore, we advocate and assume for the remainder of this paper an attribute-specific guarantee. This can cover multiple SST attributes, which is referred to as a multiple attribute-specific guarantee. For example, BestPrintingOnline.com, an online printing service, guarantees both the quality of its product and on-time  delivery. This type of guarantee provides consumers with the opportunity to complain about several SST problems via guarantee invocation (Bjà ¶rlin-Lidà ©n and Skà ¥là ©n, 2003). In the context of service recovery, the examination of service guarantees has been scarce, and the use of service guarantees in the SST context has not been examined before. This is confirmed by Hogreve and Gremler (2009) in their review of the past 20years of service guarantee research. To begin to address these gaps, our paper conceptualises the role of service guarantees in the SST failure and recovery context from the consumer perspective. We consider different types of SSTs in developing our propositions. We argue that SST guarantees encourage consumers to voice their complaints via guarantee invocation in the absence of service personnel. In line with the call for research examining the justice dimensions (i.e., distributive, procedural, and interactional justice) of service recovery in the SST context (Forbes et al., 2005), we propose that SST Copyright  © 2011 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The conceptual framework proposed (see Figure 1) is grounded in the theory pertaining to service guarantees, consumer voice, attribution theory, and justice theory. In justifying the framework, the distinctive characteristics of the SST context were considered, including the requirement of consumer co-production that is independent of service personnel, a lack of interpersonal interaction with service personnel, and consumers being obliged to interface and interact with technology (Robertson and Shaw, 2009). When studying SSTs, it is important to distinguish meaningfully between their types (Meuter et al., 2000). In terms of categorising SSTs, two key classification schemes can be drawn. The most cited classification scheme is that proposed by Dabholkar (1994). Her classification scheme considers the following variables: (i) who delivers the service (degree and level of consumer participation); (ii) where the service is delivered (location of the SST, i.e. remote, such as IVR or onsite, such as kiosks); and (iii) how the service is delivered (technology type, i.e. Internet and non-Internet, such as kiosks and IVR). More recently, Meuter et al. (2000) proposed a similar classification of SSTs. As per Dabholkar’s (1994) scheme, they included the different types of technologies that organisations use to interface with consumers (i.e.,  Internet and non-Internet) and the purpose of the technology from the viewpoint of consumers, that is, what consumers accomplish from using the technology (i.e., transactions and/or customer service).

Essay --

Taking a Stand Not since the start of the 1994/95 football season have we seen standing areas in the top two divisions of the English football league. But yet much like the movie ‘Jurassic Park’ these stands are coming back, without the death and dinosaurs this time however. The cost of ticket prices are now ridiculously high especially considering the economic problems we are in. Average ticket prices in the Premier League are the highest within the four major European leagues, the others being La Liga, Bundesliga and Serie A. The average ticket price of a Premier League game is  £28.30, this is a huge price to pay to see a game of football. This compared to the average price of a ticket to a Bundesliga football match which is only  £10, clearly shows the just how shocking the gulf in prices are. However many clubs can claim that this influx of cash each week is needed to support the ever growing maintenance costs of all seated stadiums and to support the club financially at the s ame time. So if only there was a way to lower the prices yet allow the club to make more money from match attendances. Well my friends I think I have found the cure to this disease. The solution lies in the return of standing areas to football grounds. Now these standing areas would not be the same dangerous, hooliganism plagued standing areas of old; no they would be cheap, safe standing areas. Introducing safe standing areas would lower ticket prices and season tickets dramatically; this can be proven by looking at one of the largest football clubs in the world, Bayern Munich. You would expect a club of such magnitude to have season ticket prices as high as the moon, but you’d be wrong. The lowest costing season ticket for the standing area is only  £150... ...s a credit not only German football but standing areas as well. The premier league should be looking over its shoulder, for everyday they waste squabbling over what to do the Bundesliga gets stronger and will soon be challenging to take over the title of ‘Best League in the World’. Even the lousy, misery filled stadiums of the horrific Scottish Premier League (SPL) have followed Germanys lead, by dropping its ban against standing areas. This shows just how far behind the apparently almighty Premier League is, that essentially an amateur league is further ahead than it is. Fortunately the situation is looking brighter as supporters groups from 12 Premier League clubs have confirmed they are backing a trial for standing areas and despite the fact that progress is slow, the wheels are in motion and it is only a matter of time before the momentum begins to build.